Skip to Main Content

Citation Guides

Information on properly formatting papers and citing sources in several different styles.

Citing State and U.S. Constitutions

REFERENCE LIST ENTRY

Cite the federal constitution by "U.S." or the abbreviated name of the state.

Basic form
Abbreviated name of Constitution art. Article number in Roman numerals. §  Section number.
Abbreviated name of Constitution amend. Amendment number in Roman  numerals, § Section number.
Abbreviated name of Constitution art. Article number in Roman numerals, pt. Part number in Roman numerals.

Examples
U.S. Const. art. I,§9,cl.2.
U.S. Const. amend. XIV,§ 2.
Mass. Const. art. IX, pt. IV.

TEXT CITATION

Basic form
Identical to reference list entry, using parentheses as needed.

Examples
Freedom of assembly is guaranteed by Mass. Const. art. IX, pt. IV.
Equal protection of the law is a constitutional right (U.S. Const. art. XIV, § 1).